Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) are conditions that many women endure, often with limited relief from the emotional, physical, and psychological symptoms. A growing body of research suggests that the interplay between estrogen and histamine may play a significant role in these conditions. Understanding this relationship can pave the way for more effective management and relief strategies.
PMS is a common condition affecting up to 75% of menstruating women. It is characterized by symptoms such as mood swings, irritability, fatigue, bloating, and breast tenderness in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. PMDD, on the other hand, is a more severe form of PMS, affecting approximately 5-8% of women. PMDD symptoms are often debilitating and include severe pain, mood disturbances, anxiety and depression, significantly impacting their quality of life during ovulation and leading up to menstruation.
Estrogen is a key hormone in the menstrual cycle, and its levels fluctuate throughout the month (diagram below).
During the follicular phase (1st half), estrogen levels rise, peaking just before ovulation, then falling in the luteal phase. This hormone not only regulates reproductive functions but also interacts with neurotransmitters and other biochemical pathways, influencing mood, energy, and even pain perception.
Histamine, a compound involved in immune response, also plays a role in neurotransmission and the regulation of physiological functions like sleep and digestion. Histamine is stored in mast cells and released in response to various stimuli, including allergens. It binds to receptors in the body, leading to various effects, such as inflammation, itching, and stomach acid secretion.
The connection between estrogen and histamine lies in the fact that estrogen can influence histamine release and sensitivity. Estrogen increases the activity of histamine-producing cells and can also reduce the activity of diamine oxidase (DAO), an enzyme that breaks down histamine. High estrogen levels, particularly when not balanced by sufficient progesterone, can therefore lead to histamine intolerance or histaminosis—a condition where histamine levels are elevated, leading to symptoms such as headaches, anxiety, bloating, and gastrointestinal issues.
The symptoms of histaminosis closely mirror those of PMS and PMDD, suggesting a possible link. Women with high histamine levels may experience more severe PMS/PMDD symptoms due to histamine’s impact on mood, inflammation, and other bodily functions. For example, histamine can increase anxiety and irritability, which are common symptoms of PMDD. It can also exacerbate bloating and headaches, often experienced in PMS.
During the luteal phase (2nd half), when progesterone should balance out estrogen, insufficient progesterone can leave estrogen unchecked, further promoting histamine-related symptoms. This hormonal imbalance can be a key factor in why some women suffer more from PMS and PMDD.
Given the link between high estrogen, histaminosis, and PMS/PMDD, managing these factors can lead to significant relief from symptoms. Here are some strategies to help reduce high estrogen levels and manage histamine intolerance:
Have your methylation status tested to determine if your methylation pathway is compromised. Important hormones, neurotransmitters & histamine are processed via this pathway.
The relationship between high estrogen and histaminosis offers valuable insights into the underlying causes of PMS and PMDD. By understanding and addressing the role of histamine in these conditions, women can explore new avenues for relief. A holistic approach that includes dietary changes, hormone balancing, and lifestyle modifications can help manage symptoms, leading to a better quality of life.
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Kimballe Robyzen is an experienced Naturopath specialising in women’s health, allergies, immune, gut and mental health. Kimballe frequently works with interstate and overseas clients via Skype, Zoom, phone and/or email. Kimballe’s clinical approach is well suited to supporting you by distance, offering access to personalised health care to those challenged by distance and/or time.
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